JCI l Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans l Carnitine reduces reactive oxygen species endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintains mitochondrial function during autophagy mediated cell apoptosis in perfluorooctanesulfonate treated renal tubular cells Scientific Reports Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis Nature Medicine Essential L Carnitine Optimal Health Systems Acetyl L carnitine physical chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression Molecular Psychiatry