The carnitine shuttle. l carnitine and acetyl l carnitine enter the Download Scientific Diagram Combined metabolic activators to treat mitochondrial dysfunction Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature of many human diseases and is emerging as a therapeutic target. Systems biology and multiomics approaches have revealed that Carnitine: Genetic Variants Affecting Mitochondrial Energy and Health Disorders of mitochondrial long chain fatty acid oxidation and the carnitine shuttle Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Springer Nature Link l Carnitine reduces reactive oxygen species endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintains mitochondrial function during autophagy mediated cell apoptosis in perfluorooctanesulfonate treated renal tubular cells Scientific Reports